// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
#include "dbc_statement_handler.h"
#include <cctype>
#include <charconv>
#include <cmath>
#include <limits>
#include <regex>
#include <sstream>
#include <stdexcept>

namespace {
    std::uint32_t ParseDecimal(const std::string &text,
                               std::uint32_t maximum,
                               const char *field) {
        std::uint32_t value = 0U;
        const auto parsed = std::from_chars(text.data(), text.data() + text.size(), value);
        if (text.empty() || parsed.ec != std::errc() ||
            parsed.ptr != text.data() + text.size() || value > maximum)
            throw std::runtime_error(std::string("Invalid ") + field + ": " + text);
        return value;
    }

    double ParsePhysicalValue(const std::string &text, const char *field) {
        static const std::regex number(
                R"(^[+-]?(?:[0-9]+(?:\.[0-9]*)?|\.[0-9]+)(?:[eE][+-]?[0-9]+)?$)");
        if (!std::regex_match(text, number))
            throw std::runtime_error(std::string("Invalid ") + field + ": " + text);
        std::size_t consumed = 0U;
        double value;
        try {
            value = std::stod(text, &consumed);
        } catch (const std::exception &) {
            throw std::runtime_error(std::string("Invalid ") + field + ": " + text);
        }
        if (consumed != text.size() || !std::isfinite(value))
            throw std::runtime_error(std::string("Invalid ") + field + ": " + text);
        return value;
    }

    /**
   * @brief Remove leading and trailing spaces.
   * @param text Input text.
   * @return Trimmed text.
   */
    std::string TrimText(const std::string &text) {
        std::string::size_type begin = 0U;
        while ((begin < text.size()) &&
               std::isspace(static_cast<unsigned char>(text[begin])))
            ++begin;

        std::string::size_type end = text.size();
        while ((end > begin) &&
               std::isspace(static_cast<unsigned char>(text[end - 1U])))
            --end;

        return text.substr(begin, end - begin);
    }
    FrameInfo *FindFrameById(DbcDatabase &, std::uint32_t, bool);
    SignalInfo *FindSignalByName(FrameInfo &, const std::string &);
}// namespace

namespace {
    std::vector<std::string> SplitReceivers(const std::string &text) {
        std::vector<std::string> receivers;
        std::string token;
        std::istringstream stream(text);

        while (std::getline(stream, token, ',')) {
            token = TrimText(token);
            if (!token.empty())
                receivers.push_back(token);
        }

        return receivers;
    }

    void NormalizeCanId(std::uint32_t rawCanId,
                        std::uint32_t &normalizedCanId,
                        bool &isExtended) {
        /*
   * DBC commonly stores extended identifiers with bit 31 set.
   * Example:
   * raw id = 0x80000000 | actual_29_bit_id
   */
        if ((rawCanId & 0x80000000U) != 0U) {
            isExtended = true;
            normalizedCanId = (rawCanId & 0x1FFFFFFFU);
        } else {
            isExtended = (rawCanId > 0x7FFU);
            normalizedCanId = rawCanId;
        }
    }

    std::uint32_t TryExtractPgn(std::uint32_t canId, bool isExtended, bool &hasPgn) {
        hasPgn = false;

        if (!isExtended)
            return 0U;

        if ((canId & 0x1FFFFFFFU) != canId)
            return 0U;

        const std::uint32_t pf = (canId >> 16U) & 0xFFU;
        const std::uint32_t ps = (canId >> 8U) & 0xFFU;
        const std::uint32_t dp = (canId >> 24U) & 0x01U;

        std::uint32_t pgn = 0U;

        if (pf < 240U)
            pgn = (dp << 16U) | (pf << 8U);
        else
            pgn = (dp << 16U) | (pf << 8U) | ps;

        hasPgn = true;
        return pgn;
    }

}// namespace

FrameInfo DbcFrameHandler::ParseFrameLine(const std::string &line) {
    /*
   * Example:
   * BO_ 256 EngineData: 8 EEC1
   */

    std::istringstream stream(line);
    std::string keyword;
    std::string idText;
    if (!(stream >> keyword >> idText) || keyword != "BO_")
        throw std::runtime_error("Missing CAN ID in frame definition.");

    const std::uint32_t rawCanId = ParseDecimal(
            idText, std::numeric_limits<std::uint32_t>::max(), "CAN ID");
    // Only bit 31 may accompany the actual 29-bit identifier.
    if ((rawCanId & 0x60000000U) != 0U)
        throw std::runtime_error("CAN ID exceeds the 29-bit identifier range.");

    std::string nameText;
    if (!std::getline(stream, nameText, ':') || stream.eof())
        throw std::runtime_error("Missing ':' in frame definition.");
    std::istringstream nameStream(nameText);
    FrameInfo frame;
    std::string extra;
    if (!(nameStream >> frame.name) || (nameStream >> extra))
        throw std::runtime_error("Missing or invalid frame name.");

    std::string lengthText;
    if (!(stream >> lengthText))
        throw std::runtime_error("Missing payload length in frame definition.");
    frame.dlc = static_cast<std::uint8_t>(ParseDecimal(
            lengthText, std::numeric_limits<std::uint8_t>::max(), "payload length"));
    if (!(stream >> frame.transmitter))
        throw std::runtime_error("Missing transmitter in frame definition.");
    if (stream >> extra)
        throw std::runtime_error("Unexpected trailing field in frame definition: " + extra);

    NormalizeCanId(rawCanId, frame.canId, frame.isExtended);
    frame.pgn = TryExtractPgn(frame.canId, frame.isExtended, frame.hasPgn);

    return frame;
}

SignalInfo DbcSignalHandler::ParseSignalLine(const std::string &line) {
    // Match the complete statement before converting any numeric fields.
    static const std::regex syntax(
            R"dbc(^SG_[ \t]+([^:]+):[ \t]*([^| \t]+)[ \t]*\|[ \t]*([^@ \t]+)[ \t]*@[ \t]*([01])([+-])[ \t]*\([ \t]*([^, \t]+)[ \t]*,[ \t]*([^ )\t]+)[ \t]*\)[ \t]*\[[ \t]*([^| \t]+)[ \t]*\|[ \t]*([^\] \t]+)[ \t]*\][ \t]*"([^"\r\n]*)"[ \t]+([^ \t,]+(?:[ \t]*,[ \t]*[^ \t,]+)*)[ \t]*$)dbc");
    std::smatch fields;
    if (!std::regex_match(line, fields, syntax))
        throw std::runtime_error("Malformed or unsupported SG_ signal definition.");

    SignalInfo signal;
    std::istringstream nameFields(fields[1].str());
    std::string marker;
    std::string extra;
    nameFields >> signal.name >> marker;
    if (signal.name.empty() || (nameFields >> extra))
        throw std::runtime_error("Invalid signal name or multiplexing marker.");
    if (marker == "M")
        signal.multiplexing.role = MultiplexRole::Selector;
    else if (!marker.empty()) {
        if (marker[0] != 'm')
            throw std::runtime_error("Unsupported multiplexing marker.");
        const std::string value = marker.substr(1U);
        const std::from_chars_result parsed = std::from_chars(
                value.data(), value.data() + value.size(), signal.multiplexing.value);
        if (value.empty() || parsed.ec != std::errc() || parsed.ptr != value.data() + value.size())
            throw std::runtime_error("Invalid or unsupported multiplexing marker.");
        signal.multiplexing.role = MultiplexRole::Branch;
    }

    signal.startBit = ParseDecimal(fields[2].str(),
                                   std::numeric_limits<std::uint32_t>::max(), "signal start bit");
    signal.length = ParseDecimal(fields[3].str(), 64U, "signal length");
    if (signal.length == 0U)
        throw std::runtime_error("Signal length must be within 1..64 bits.");
    signal.isLittleEndian = fields[4].str() == "1";
    signal.isSigned = fields[5].str() == "-";

    signal.factor = ParsePhysicalValue(fields[6].str(), "signal factor");
    signal.offset = ParsePhysicalValue(fields[7].str(), "signal offset");
    signal.minimum = ParsePhysicalValue(fields[8].str(), "signal minimum");
    signal.maximum = ParsePhysicalValue(fields[9].str(), "signal maximum");
    if (signal.minimum > signal.maximum)
        throw std::runtime_error("Signal minimum exceeds maximum.");
    signal.unit = fields[10].str();
    signal.receivers = SplitReceivers(fields[11].str());
    return signal;
}

void DbcCommentHandler::ParseCommentLine(const std::string &line, DbcDatabase &database) {
    /*
   * Examples:
   * CM_ BO_ 256 "Frame comment";
   * CM_ SG_ 256 EngineSpeed "Signal comment";
   */

    std::istringstream stream(line);
    std::string token;
    stream >> token;

    if (token != "CM_")
        return;

    stream >> token;

    if (token == "BO_") {
        std::uint32_t rawCanId = 0U;
        std::uint32_t canId = 0U;
        bool isExtended = false;

        stream >> rawCanId;
        NormalizeCanId(rawCanId, canId, isExtended);

        const std::string::size_type quoteBegin = line.find('"');
        const std::string::size_type quoteEnd = line.rfind('"');

        if ((quoteBegin == std::string::npos) ||
            (quoteEnd == std::string::npos) ||
            (quoteEnd <= quoteBegin))
            return;

        FrameInfo *frame = FindFrameById(database, canId, isExtended);
        if (frame != nullptr)
            frame->comment = line.substr(quoteBegin + 1U, quoteEnd - quoteBegin - 1U);
    } else if (token == "SG_") {
        std::uint32_t rawCanId = 0U;
        std::uint32_t canId = 0U;
        bool isExtended = false;
        std::string signalName;

        stream >> rawCanId;
        stream >> signalName;

        NormalizeCanId(rawCanId, canId, isExtended);

        const std::string::size_type quoteBegin = line.find('"');
        const std::string::size_type quoteEnd = line.rfind('"');

        if ((quoteBegin == std::string::npos) ||
            (quoteEnd == std::string::npos) ||
            (quoteEnd <= quoteBegin))
            return;

        FrameInfo *frame = FindFrameById(database, canId, isExtended);
        if (frame != nullptr) {
            SignalInfo *signal = FindSignalByName(*frame, signalName);
            if (signal != nullptr)
                signal->comment = line.substr(quoteBegin + 1U, quoteEnd - quoteBegin - 1U);
        }
    }
}

namespace {
    FrameInfo *FindFrameById(DbcDatabase &database,
                             std::uint32_t canId,
                             bool isExtended) {
        for (std::size_t index = 0U; index < database.frames.size(); ++index) {
            if ((database.frames[index].canId == canId) &&
                (database.frames[index].isExtended == isExtended))
                return &database.frames[index];
        }

        return nullptr;
    }

    SignalInfo *FindSignalByName(FrameInfo &frame, const std::string &signalName) {
        for (std::size_t index = 0U; index < frame.signals.size(); ++index) {
            if (frame.signals[index].name == signalName)
                return &frame.signals[index];
        }

        return nullptr;
    }
}// namespace

void DbcFrameHandler::Handle(const std::string &line, DbcParseContext &context) const {
    context.database.frames.push_back(ParseFrameLine(line));
    context.currentFrame = &context.database.frames.back();
    context.signalLines.emplace_back();
}

void DbcSignalHandler::Handle(const std::string &line, DbcParseContext &context) const {
    if (context.currentFrame == nullptr)
        throw std::runtime_error("Signal found before any frame definition.");
    SignalInfo signal = ParseSignalLine(line);
    const std::uint64_t payloadBits = static_cast<std::uint64_t>(context.currentFrame->dlc) * 8U;
    std::uint64_t bit = signal.startBit;
    for (std::uint32_t index = 0U; index < signal.length; ++index) {
        if (bit >= payloadBits)
            throw std::runtime_error("Signal exceeds the frame payload length.");
        if (signal.isLittleEndian)
            ++bit;
        else
            bit = (bit % 8U == 0U) ? bit + 15U : bit - 1U;
    }
    context.currentFrame->signals.push_back(std::move(signal));
    context.signalLines.back().push_back(context.lineNumber);
}

void DbcCommentHandler::Handle(const std::string &line, DbcParseContext &context) const {
    if (line.compare(0U, 4U, "CM_ ") == 0)
        ParseCommentLine(line, context.database);
}

DbcStatementDispatcher::DbcStatementDispatcher() {
    RegisterType<DbcUnsupportedMultiplexingHandler>("SG_MUL_VAL_");
    RegisterType<DbcFrameHandler>("BO_");
    RegisterType<DbcSignalHandler>("SG_");
    RegisterType<DbcCommentHandler>("CM_");
    RegisterType<DbcValueDescriptionHandler>("VAL_");
}

bool DbcStatementDispatcher::Dispatch(const std::string &line,
                                      DbcParseContext &context) const {
    std::istringstream stream(line);
    std::string keyword;
    stream >> keyword;
    const auto handler = m_handlers.find(keyword);
    if (handler == m_handlers.end())
        return false;
    handler->second->Handle(line, context);
    return true;
}

void DbcValueDescriptionHandler::Handle(const std::string &line, DbcParseContext &context) const {
    static const std::regex header(R"(^VAL_[ \t]+([^ \t]+)[ \t]+([^ \t;]+)[ \t]+(.*)$)");
    static const std::regex pair(R"dbc(^([^ \t]+)[ \t]+"((?:[^"\\]|\\["\\])*)")dbc");
    std::smatch fields;
    if (!std::regex_match(line, fields, header))
        throw std::runtime_error("Malformed or unsupported VAL_ statement.");
    const auto rawId = ParseDecimal(fields[1].str(), std::numeric_limits<std::uint32_t>::max(), "VAL_ CAN ID");
    if ((rawId & 0x60000000U) != 0U)
        throw std::runtime_error("VAL_ CAN ID exceeds the 29-bit identifier range.");
    PendingValueDescriptions pending;
    NormalizeCanId(rawId, pending.canId, pending.isExtended);
    pending.signalName = fields[2].str();
    pending.lineNumber = context.lineNumber;
    std::string rest = fields[3].str();
    while (rest != ";") {
        if (!std::regex_search(rest, fields, pair))
            throw std::runtime_error("Malformed VAL_ value/description pair or missing semicolon.");
        const std::string number = fields[1].str();
        RawSignalValue key;
        if (!number.empty() && number[0] == '-') {
            std::int64_t value = 0;
            const auto parsed = std::from_chars(number.data(), number.data() + number.size(), value);
            if (parsed.ec != std::errc() || parsed.ptr != number.data() + number.size())
                throw std::runtime_error("Invalid VAL_ integer: " + number);
            key = NormalizeValueKey(RawSignalValue(value));
        } else {
            std::uint64_t value = 0;
            const auto parsed = std::from_chars(number.data(), number.data() + number.size(), value);
            if (number.empty() || parsed.ec != std::errc() || parsed.ptr != number.data() + number.size())
                throw std::runtime_error("Invalid VAL_ integer: " + number);
            key = value;
        }
        std::string description;
        const std::string quoted = fields[2].str();
        for (std::size_t i = 0; i < quoted.size(); ++i) {
            if (quoted[i] == '\\')
                ++i;
            description += quoted[i];
        }
        if (!pending.descriptions.emplace(key, description).second)
            throw std::runtime_error("Duplicate VAL_ value key: " + number);
        const auto consumed = static_cast<std::size_t>(fields.length());
        rest.erase(0, consumed);
        if (!rest.empty() && rest[0] != ';' && rest[0] != ' ' && rest[0] != '\t')
            throw std::runtime_error("Missing whitespace between VAL_ pairs.");
        rest = TrimText(rest);
    }
    if (pending.descriptions.empty())
        throw std::runtime_error("VAL_ requires at least one value/description pair.");
    context.pendingValues.push_back(std::move(pending));
}

void DbcParseContext::ResolveValueDescriptions(const std::string &filePath) {
    for (const auto &pending: pendingValues) {
        try {
            FrameInfo *frame = nullptr;
            for (auto &candidate: database.frames) {
                if (candidate.canId == pending.canId && candidate.isExtended == pending.isExtended) {
                    if (frame)
                        throw std::runtime_error("Ambiguous VAL_ frame reference.");
                    frame = &candidate;
                }
            }
            if (!frame)
                throw std::runtime_error("Unresolved VAL_ frame reference.");
            SignalInfo *signal = nullptr;
            for (auto &candidate: frame->signals) {
                if (candidate.name == pending.signalName) {
                    if (signal)
                        throw std::runtime_error("Ambiguous VAL_ signal reference: " + pending.signalName);
                    signal = &candidate;
                }
            }
            if (!signal)
                throw std::runtime_error("Unresolved VAL_ signal reference: " + pending.signalName);
            for (const auto &entry: pending.descriptions) {
                if (!signal->valueDescriptions.insert(entry).second)
                    throw std::runtime_error("Duplicate VAL_ value key for signal: " + pending.signalName);
            }
        } catch (const std::exception &error) {
            throw std::runtime_error(filePath + ":" + std::to_string(pending.lineNumber) + ": " + error.what());
        }
    }
}

void DbcUnsupportedMultiplexingHandler::Handle(const std::string &, DbcParseContext &) const {
    throw std::runtime_error("Extended and nested multiplexing are unsupported.");
}

namespace {
    std::vector<std::uint64_t> SignalBits(const SignalInfo &signal) {
        std::vector<std::uint64_t> bits;
        std::uint64_t bit = signal.startBit;
        for (std::uint32_t index = 0U; index < signal.length; ++index) {
            bits.push_back(bit);
            if (signal.isLittleEndian)
                ++bit;
            else
                bit = bit % 8U == 0U ? bit + 15U : bit - 1U;
        }
        return bits;
    }

    bool SignalsOverlap(const SignalInfo &first, const SignalInfo &second) {
        const std::vector<std::uint64_t> firstBits = SignalBits(first);
        const std::vector<std::uint64_t> secondBits = SignalBits(second);
        for (const std::uint64_t firstBit : firstBits) {
            for (const std::uint64_t secondBit : secondBits) {
                if (firstBit == secondBit)
                    return true;
            }
        }
        return false;
    }
}

void DbcParseContext::ValidateMultiplexing(const std::string &filePath) const {
    for (std::size_t frameIndex = 0U; frameIndex < database.frames.size(); ++frameIndex) {
        const FrameInfo &frame = database.frames[frameIndex];
        const SignalInfo *selector = nullptr;
        for (std::size_t index = 0U; index < frame.signals.size(); ++index) {
            const SignalInfo &signal = frame.signals[index];
            if (signal.multiplexing.role != MultiplexRole::Selector)
                continue;
            if (selector != nullptr || signal.isSigned)
                throw std::runtime_error(filePath + ":" + std::to_string(signalLines[frameIndex][index]) +
                                         ": Multiplexing requires one unsigned selector per frame.");
            selector = &signal;
        }
        for (std::size_t index = 0U; index < frame.signals.size(); ++index) {
            const SignalInfo &signal = frame.signals[index];
            std::string error;
            if (signal.multiplexing.role == MultiplexRole::Branch) {
                if (selector == nullptr)
                    error = "Multiplexed branch has no selector.";
                else if (selector->length < 64U && signal.multiplexing.value >= (std::uint64_t(1U) << selector->length))
                    error = "Branch value exceeds selector raw range.";
            }
            for (std::size_t previous = 0U; previous < index && error.empty(); ++previous) {
                const SignalInfo &other = frame.signals[previous];
                const bool exclusive = signal.multiplexing.role == MultiplexRole::Branch &&
                        other.multiplexing.role == MultiplexRole::Branch &&
                        signal.multiplexing.value != other.multiplexing.value;
                if (!exclusive && SignalsOverlap(signal, other))
                    error = "Signals overlap without mutually exclusive multiplexing conditions.";
            }
            if (!error.empty())
                throw std::runtime_error(filePath + ":" + std::to_string(signalLines[frameIndex][index]) + ": " + error);
        }
    }
}